1. Starter questions about light

2. BEST questions about light and demonstration of light travelling in a straight line

3. BEST question on how shadows form and modelling shadow formation with string

4. Light key terms and luminous vs non-luminous

5. Practical activity: Clasiffying materials as opaque, transparent or translucent including writing sentences using the key terms.

6. BEST question on how we see and modelling with string

7. Rules for ray diagrams and spoof assessment of ray diagrams

8. Students draw ray diagrams showing how we see lumnious and non-luminous objects

9. BEST Written explanations of how you see a book in a sunny room 

1. Starter questions about key terms from lesson 1.

2. Discussion of why testing absorption of materials might be important in context of designing blackout curtains.

3. Demonstration of the equipment for the investigation.

4. Discussion of variables and making predictions.

5. Preliminary investigation

6. Main investigation

7. Spoof assessment of graphs.

8. Graph plotting and conclusions.

9. Plenary questions

1. Starter questions about key terms from lesson 1.

2. BEST questions about light rays.

3. Pinhole camera practical with worksheet.

4. Video to explain how the pinhole camera works.

5. Practical modelling the pinhole camera  with ray boxes.

6. Drawing ray diagrams to explain how the pinhole camera works.

7. Simulation of the pinhole camera

8. BEST questions about pinhole camera

9. Extension: simulation about how camera works & simulation about how the eye works

1. Starter questions on the pinhole camera.

2. Introduction to reflection key terms and describe and guess game to practice.

3. Practical to investigate the law of reflection with printed protractor or without printed protractor.

4. Practical to see diffuse reflection / scattering from a crumple piece of aluminium foil.

5. Simulation and drawing ray diagram to show law of reflection.

6. Describing the nature of the image formed in a plane mirror.

7. Simulations of ray diagram for image formed in a plane mirror 1 2 3

8. Self paced instructional about how to draw the ray diagram for the image formed in a plane mirror.

9. Drawing the ray diagram step by step video (squared paper).  Harder version on white paper.

10. Mirascope / floating coin illusion with curved mirrors.

11. Extension activities: Multiple images in two mirrors , construct a periscope,  construct a kaleidoscope.

1. Starter questions on reflection.

2. Person in glass fronted swimming pool photo.

3. Selection of fun refraction demonstrations (to be explained later in the lesson):

   1. Decapitated head refraction illusion

   2. Disappearing test tube

   3. Making a toy almost invisible and appear with water beads.

   4. Bent pencil illusion

   5. The reappearing penny trick as a practical

4. Observing refraction in a rectangular block with a ray box practical with template or without.  Optionally observed apparent depth through persepx block.

5. Models to explain findings and discussion of which way the light bends (towards or away from the normal).   Video of car analogy.  Phet simulation showing ray and wave front models.

6. Inge Lehman and Ibn Sahl

7. Refraction key terms

8. Using ray diagrams to explain all the demonstrations at the start of the lesson.

9. Next Time Physics - The water bottle solar light.

10. Extenion: Supermirages - Link 1 and Link 2

1. Starter questions on refraction

2. Any of the fun refraction demonstrations not used in the previous lesson.

3. Discussion of next time physics question from last time

4. Introduce investigating refraction using semi-circular blocks.  Either using a printed protractor or white paper.

5. Graph plotting and conclusions.

6. Could use spoof assessment of graphs from lesson 1b if not already used.

7. Discussion of findings.

Could easily split into a lesson on dispersion followed by a lesson on lenses.

1. Starter questions on refraction

2. Discussion of next time physics question from last time (if not done in lesson 4b)

3. Archer fish and why refraction is important to them.  (Video clip)

4. Discuss what photographs of rainbows are showing.

5. Lenses and dispersion key terms.

6. Demonstration of spectrum from white light.

7. Ray box practical of dispersion of white light with worksheet.

8. Discussion of how dispersion works with video showing how different coloured light is refracted by different amounts (possible as practical)

9. Dispersion in the phet simulation and attempting to recombine using a second prism.  Screen recording of how to do this.

10. BEST question on dispersion

11. Discussion of crystal ball fires

12. Modelling a simple lens model in the phet bending light simulation.

13. Ray box practical to see the action of a lens.  

14. Making a ray box projector practical

15. Where are lenses used in everyday life and what possible careers might involve lenses discussion.

Other possible activity: Mobile phone projector

1. Starter questions on dispersion and lenses

2. Questions around ray diagrams for why we see objects as different colours.

3. Students draw annotated ray diagrams to show why we see objects as coloured.

4. Demonstration of different coloured objects on different coloured lights using remote controlled LED bulb,

5. Writing magically appears demonstration as light changed from red to green.  (Full video here)

6. Students write up an explanation using prompt questions / gap fill.

7. Coloured filter demonstration with red/green filters.

8. Demonstration of action of colour filters or practical with ray boxes and colour filters.

9. Coloured light and coloured filters simulation - predict what the duck will look like and see if you are correct.